Meet the ‘inscrutable’ SCOTUS justice who made the Nuremberg trials possible

Robert H. Jackson was not an easy man to know, but “I found being in Robert Jackson’s company on the whole a great pleasure,” says G. Edward White, author of the new biography Robert H. Jackson: A Life in Judgement.

A longtime ally of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jackson served as both Solicitor General and Attorney General before FDR nominated him to the U.S. Supreme Court. However, he often pined for his previous life as a small-town litigator in Jamestown, New York. A solitary worker by nature, Jackson did not relish the collegiate aspects of the court, and his influence was therefore limited.

“Jackson was nominally gregarious, active, fun-loving, witty pleasant–but at the same time, he was remote,” White tells Modern Law Library’s host Lee Rawles. “In some ways, his gregariousness was a barrier to maybe a closer understanding of him.”

But as a litigator and as a justice, Jackson made important historical contributions.

One major such contribution was in establishing the format and location of the post-World War II international military tribunals of Nazi leaders, now known as the Nuremberg Trials. Jackson took a leave of absence from the U.S. Supreme Court to be the country’s lead negotiator as the United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union debated how tribunals would take place. He then served as the United States’ chief prosecutor.

White and Rawles also discuss the roadblocks that have prevented Jackson from being better known in legal history; how Justice Felix Frankfurter tried to protect Jackson’s post-death legacy; and Jackson’s controversial cross-examination of Nazi politician Hermann Goering.

In honor of the Olympics, White (who has written books on baseball and soccer) also shares his perspective on the benefits that athletics brings to lawyers.